过度劳动：历史演进及公共政策

研究过度劳动的基本目的是为制定遏制过度劳动的公共政策提供依据，为此，不仅要基于医学的视角，还需要基于公共政策的视角审视过度劳动。研究分析了从原始社会、农业社会、工业社会到后工业社会历史演进中导致过度劳动的劳动生产率因素和制度因素，解释过度劳动的历史演变并探讨遏制过度劳动公共政策的着力点。研究认为，过度劳动的形成受劳动生产率和制度等因素的影响。一般来说，劳动者因追求效用最大化会在劳动生产率低下的条件下选择过度劳动，公共政策的干预既无必要，也难有作为，而因制度导致的过度劳动，公共政策才有一定的着力空间。

Research into Overwork and Its Historical Evolution and Public Policy

The fundamental objective of the study is to provide a basis for the formulation of public policies to curb overwork. To this end, it is necessary to examine overwork not only from the perspective of medicine, but also that of the public policy. The research analyzes factors of labor productivity and institutions leading to excessive labor in the historical evolution from primitive society, agricultural society, industrial society to post-industrial society, examines the historical evolution of overwork, and explores the focus of public policies to curb overwork. The study concludes that the formation of overwork is infl uenced by factors such as labor productivity and institutions concerned. To be specifi c, workers who seek to maximize utility choose to work excessively in conditions of low labor productivity. Under this situation, public policy intervention is neither necessary nor effective. Instead, only when excessive work is caused by the system is there a certain amount of room for the public policy to manoeuvre.