老年流动人口就业质量及其影响因素研究

在国家实施新型城镇化战略和积极应对老龄化的社会背景下,探究老年流动人口就业状况,全面提升老年流动人口就业质量,已成为社会经济转型时期推动高质量发展的迫切任务。研究利用 2017 年全国流动人口动态监测数据,从职业类型、单位性质、行业分布等方面考察了老年流动人口的就业状况,并探讨了就业质量指数的影响因素。研究发现：老年流动人口就业呈现出工作时间长、收入少、层次低、环境差等特点;老年流动人口的就业质量指数低于劳动年龄流动人口且群体内部存在差异;教育经历增加、社会参与增多和非农户籍会对老年流动人口就业质量产生正向影响,且对受雇和自雇老年流动人口就业质量的影响存在差异。研究建议：要完善老年人就业服务体系建设,对从业老年流动人口进行“扶智”“赋能”和“扶助”,从而改善老年流动人口的就业状况,提高其就业质量。

The Employment Quality and Infl uential Factors of the Elderly Floating Population

In the context of implementing the new urbanization strategy and actively responding to the aging society, exploring the employment status of the elderly floating population and comprehensively improving their employment quality are becoming an urgent task to promote high-quality development in the period of socio-economic transformation. Employing the 2017 national monitoring data on China Migrants Dynamic Survey, the current study examines the employment status of the elderly fl oating population in terms of their occupational types, nature of the unit and industry distribution, and analyzes the infl uential factors of their employment quality index. The study fi nds that the employment of the elderly fl oating population shows characteristics of low level of occupation, low income, long working hours, and poor working environment, etc.; the employment quality index of the elderly fl oating population is lower than that of the working-age fl oating population, and it is noted that there are differences within the group; the increase of educational experience, social participation and non-agricultural household registration have a positive impact on the employment quality of the elderly fl oating population. In addition, there are differences in the impact on the employment quality of the employed and self-employed elderly fl oating population. The researchers propose that in order to improve construction of the employment service system for the elderly, it is necessary to provide them with employment training, comprehensively empower them, and assist them in fi nding jobs, so as to improve their employment situation and employment quality.