乡村基层执法的空间制约与机制再造

中国的基层执法深受政治体制和社会生态的影响和塑造,"治理空间"可以同时容纳这两种因素,是理解中国基层执法的新视角。乡村治理空间为基层执法提供具体场景,其"拥挤社会"特性和"权力分散"特性,严重制约着基层执法能力。空间区域化机制通过建立综合治理(执法)体系,实现了执法机构的统合和区域化;通过将村级组织、村干部、网格员等纳入执法体系,实现了执法空间的分界和局部化;通过对时间和资源进行情境化配置,实现了时空分区。区域化机制重构着乡村治理空间,回应了基层执法权薄弱和执法能力不足的问题,通过再造基层执法,提高了基层执法效度。

Space Restriction and Mechanism Reconstruction of Rural Grassroots Law Enforcement

Grassroots law enforcement in China is significantly influenced and shaped by political system and social ecology.“Governance space”is able to accommodate simultaneously both of these two crucial factors,hence has become a new approach to the understanding of and research on grassroots law enforcement.Rural governance space provides specific scenes and atmosphere for grassroots law enforcement,while its characteristics of“crowded society”and“decentralization of power”seriously constraint the improvement of law enforcement ability.By establishing a comprehensive governance system/law enforcement system,the spatial regionalization mechanism realizes integration and regionalization of law enforcement institutions.What’s more,by integrating village organizations,village cadres and grid administrators into the law enforcement system,this mechanism also achieves the boundary division and localization of space.Similarly,it also creates and models varied zoning of time-space on the basis of situational allocation of time and resources.In addition,the regionalization mechanism reconstructs the rural governance space and responds to problems of insufficient law enforcement power and abilities in rural areas.By doing so,it reshapes the grassroots law enforcement and improves its effectiveness and efficiency as well.