Automated headspace solid-phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatography analysis of ethanol in postmortem specimens |
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| Authors: | De Martinis Bruno Spinosa Martin Carmen Cinira Santos |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Departamento de Medicina, Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;2. Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank, Victoria, Australia;2. Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China;2. Tianjin Tiandatianjiu Polytron Technologies Inc., Tianjin 300072, PR China;1. The Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands;2. Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands;3. van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. CLHC, Amsterdam Center for Forensic Science and Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a relatively new solventless sample preparation technique that allows simultaneous sampling, extraction, pre-concentration, and introduction of analytes from a sample matrix in a single procedure. This methodology has been used for the analysis of several drugs of forensic toxicology interest including volatile compounds. This paper describes a methodology for analysis of ethanol and other volatile compounds using automatic headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and capillary gas chromatography in postmortem specimens. The methodology was initially developed using standard solutions of acetaldehyde, acetone, methanol, and ethanol. Isobutanol was used as internal standard. Postmortem samples of blood, urine, and vitreous humor were obtained during medico-legal autopsies. To date, there are no published paper regarding alcohol analysis in vitreous humor specimens using HS-SPME and limited literature analyzing blood and urine samples. HS-SPME analysis showed that, under optimized conditions, ethanol and isobutanol (internal standard) were well-separated from other volatile compounds such as acetaldehyde, acetone, and methanol considered to be potential interferents in ethanol analysis. The calibration curves for each volatile compound demonstrated good linearity throughout the concentration range from 0.001 to 1.0 g/dl and the detection limit of ethanol in the studied specimens was approximately 0.0001 g/dl. |
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