全球价值链重构视角下吸引外商直接投资的国际经验与国内对策

在后金融危机时代,生产成本的提高和欧美的再工业化使得低端制造业转移到成本更低的东南亚地区,高端制造业则回流到发达国家本土,形成不利于中国吸引外资的全球价值链重构。但同时,人力资本的积累和消费市场的转移也促进了高端服务业和智能定制的发展,又形成有利于中国吸引外资的全球价值链重构。在中美贸易摩擦不断升级的背景下,中国在吸引外商直接投资方面存在的结构不合理、政策歧视等问题也导致我国的产业结构与地区结构不合理、外商投资企业垄断与民营企业发展受限并存以及生态环境和劳动力过度消耗等后果。根据"金砖国家"中的俄罗斯、印度和巴西吸引外资的经验和教训,我国要跻身全球价值链的高端环节,必须在吸引外商直接投资的过程中实施无歧视的税收政策、有效率的产业政策、统筹性的区域政策和高标准的规制政策。

Global Lessons and Domestic Countermeasure When Attracting FDI from the Perspective of Global Value Chain Reconstruction

During the period of post financial crisis, although the increase of production cost make the low end manufacturing industry transfer to the Southeast Asian Area where the cost is much lower, and the re-industrialization of Europe and America makes the high end manufacturing industry returns to the developed countries, which forms the restructuring of global value chain that does harm to China’s attracting FDI, yet the accumulation of human capital and the shifts of consumption market accelerates the development of high end service industries and intelligent customization, which forms the restructuring of global value chain that does good to China’s attracting FDI. Meanwhile, under the background of global value chain restructuring, China still has the problems of unreasonable structure, dis-criminal policy and heavy cost,which leads to unreasonable industrial structure and regional structure, coexistence of foreign monopoly and domestic firms’ under development as well as the excessively consumption of ecological environment and labor. As a result, according to the experience and lessons of the Brics’ attracting FDI, the equal tax policy, efficient industry policy, coordinated regional policy and high-standard regulation policy must be implemented in order to rank the top end in the global value chain.