回归与重塑:乡村振兴中的乡贤参与

乡村振兴关键在人才的振兴,能否发挥乡贤在乡村振兴中的向上作用事关乡村社会的重建和发展。历史上,乡绅为皇权向基层社会延伸的权力载体,在国家与乡村之间扮演"中间人"的角色,皇权通过乡绅实现对乡村社会的治理,达到了"家天下"的愿景。乡贤文化曾根植于乡村社会,但由于历史的原因,乡贤一度退出农村社会舞台。党的十九大报告提出了乡村振兴战略,以史为鉴,乡贤作为乡土社会的成功人士,是乡村社会发展的中流砥柱,理应被纳入乡村建设所需的人才范畴。新乡贤传承了"乡绅治村"的传统,在主体范围、资格获取方式、发挥作用方式等方面对传统乡绅进行了传承与重塑,乡村振兴中鼓励乡贤返乡对推动农村产业转型与升级、建设文明乡风和实现治理有效具有重要意义,但乡贤参与乡村振兴也有一定的局限性,需要从地方实际出发进行引导和规制,以实现他们的有效参与。

Regression and Remodeling:The Participation of Villagers in Rural Revitalization

The key to the revitalization of rural areas lies in the revitalization of talents, whether the villagers can play an active role in the revitalization of rural areas is related to the reconstruction and development of rural society. In the history, the gentry was "the power carrier" that extended the imperial power to the grass-roots society, the imperial power through the gentry to achieve the governance of rural society, achieved the vision of " Family-Governed Country". The culture of the local squire is rooted in the rural society, but for historical reasons, the country squire once withdrew from the rural social stage. The Communist party of China’s nineteenth national congress put forward the strategy of revitalizing the countryside, taking history as a mirror, as a successful person in the local society, the new village squire is the mainstay of rural social development, should be included in the rural construction needed talent category. The new village squires inherited the tradition of "gentry goverance the village", inherited and remolded the traditional squire in the body scope, mode of eligibility, mode of operation and so on. In the process of rural revitalization, it is of great significance to encourage new village sage to return home to promote the transformation and upgrading of rural industries, build civilized rural customs and realize effective governance. However, the participation of new village sage in rural revitalization also has certain limitations, it is necessary to guide and regulate from the local reality to achieve their effective participation.