儿童同伴关系的性别特点及教育启示——基于150名5岁儿童样本调查分析

同伴关系是儿童在学前期需要发展的一种重要的人际关系。它有助于儿童社会技能与社交应对策略的发展,而且具有明显的性别特点。采用同伴提名法对幼儿园大班150名5岁儿童进行调查,结果表明：5岁儿童的社会偏好性和社会影响力存在明显的性别差异;5岁儿童存在明显的同性别交往倾向;5岁儿童各同伴关系的类型数量在性别上存在着一定差异。家长和老师要根据儿童同伴交往的性别特点,对不同类型的儿童给予不同的关注和帮助,促成家校合作,以更好地帮助学前儿童同伴关系的发展。

Gender Features in Children's Peer Relationship and Instructions on Education——the Analysis Based on 150 Five-year-old Children's Samples

Peer relationship is an important inter-personal relationsip that children need to develop before studying in school,which helps children develop social skills and strategies in social communications.The relationship is characterized by gender.The investigation was conducted,by means of peer nominations,among 150 children in kindergarten.The results show the following： 1） There are obvious gender differences among five-year-old children in social preference and influence;2） There is obvious tendency among five-year-old children to communicate with the same gender;3） There is obvious gender difference among five-year-old children＇s peer relationship in the number of each type.Both parents and teachers should,based on gender features of children＇s peer relationship,give different concern and help to children of different types,promote family-school cooperation,so as to help pre-school children develop better peer relationship.