我国三审终审制的构建与再审制度的改革

民事上诉制度是司法体系的重要构成部分,担负着多样化的司法功能,并且需要在不同的价值目标之间进行平衡与取舍。由于现代社会的急剧变迁,许多国家的民事上诉制度无论是在制度设计还是实际运作上均面临着种种问题,并进而影响到整个司法制度的有效运行。我国现行两审终审制存在诸多缺陷,已经不能适应社会经济发展的需要,必须进行全面的变革。其基本思路是:针对立法和实践中的问题,从审判权与上诉权实现合理制约出发,完善现行的第二审程序,使之更符合公正与效率的要求;借鉴多数国家的立法例,实行有限的三审终审制;在实行有限三审制的同时,修改现行审判监督程序的规定,建立再审之诉,规定明确的再审事由,对再审程序的启动予以严格限制。

The Build of Three - level Court and the Reform of Retrial Procedure in China

Being an indispensable part of judicial system, the appeals system serves diversified judicial functions, and is assumed to be neutral and discretionary. As a result of the rapid development of modern society, the civil appeals systems of many countries are faced with various institutional and practical problems, which severely undermine the effectiveness of the entire judicial system. The current two level system of our country exist many blemishes, have not been adapt to the demand of social economy development, and must be reformed completely. Its basic way of thinking is: Aim at the problems inside lawmaking and practice, perfect the current second review procedure, making it even match the request of fair and efficiency; Drawing lessons from most national law-makings, practice limited three level trial system; At the same time, modifying the provision of the current procedure for supervision upon adjudication, rebuild retrial program by standardizing conditions of retrial program and controlling the institution of review program strictly.