论海洋警察权

《联合国海洋法公约》作为国际上唯一的"地球宪法",其生效实施使约1/3面积的世界海洋依法划归沿海国专属或者管辖,在海洋的利用和管理上赋予沿海国主权权利和管辖权。沿海国在行使这种主权权利和管辖权的时候,可以依法行使紧追权、登临权,还可以采取检查、扣押、扣留、逮捕的措施,这些权力和措施非常类似于平常所说的警察权。在海洋上,这些权力和措施属于什么性质,应由哪些主体来行使,中国的现状如何,国际上的发展趋势如何,这些都是值得关注和研究的重要课题。从警察的概念入手,提出实质意义上的警察和形式意义上的警察(实证法上的警察)的分类,探讨警察权与海洋警察权的涵义,并分述每一种海洋警察的职责、任务以及各机关之间的关系。

Research on maritime police power

After the coming into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),which is also named the Constitution of the earth,about one third of the ocean was put under the possession or jurisdiction of coastal countries.Sovereign rights and jurisdiction with regard to utilization and management of the ocean were endowed to coastal countries pursuant to the relevant provisions of UNCLOS.In exercising its sovereign rights and jurisdiction,coastal country may exercise the right of hot pursuit,right of visit,and take such measures as inspection,seizure,detention and arrest.These right and measures are very similar to police power that people usually talk about.In the ocean,it is of great importance to study the nature of these right and measures,the subject exercising these right and measures,the current status in China as well as the trend in the world.This article,starting from the definition of police,puts forward the classification of substantial meaning of the police and formal meaning of the police(positive law police),discusses the connotation of the police power and the maritime police power,and explains respectively the responsibility,mission of each maritime police and the relationship between various authorities.