侵权责任法不可抗力适用规则研究——兼评《侵权责任法》第29条

不可抗力免责是指因不可抗力造成的损害不承担责任,不可抗力一般不能免除其他致害原因产生的责任。不可抗力免责源于其欠缺主体性,无可归责之主体,因此仅可成为损害之事实原因,不具备法律上的原因力,侵权责任构成要件欠缺因果关系。但在由不可抗力引发侵权行为致害、以不可抗力为故意侵权行为之手段以及因过失行为增加不可抗力致害的机会或可能性等情形下,不可抗力实则已成为"侵权行为"这一侵权责任构成要件的组成要素之一,使其具备了可归责性,具备了法律上因果关系的原因力,因此不可抗力不能免责。

The Application of Force Majeure in Tort Law: Concurrently on Art.29 of the Tort Liability Act

Force majeure may protect a tortfeasor against liability for events or circumstances beyond his/her control,the reason of which lies in that though the injury happens in fact but no one can be recognized as the wrongdoer or liability bearer except of force majeure.The lack of causation can thus serve as a defense in tortuous liability.However,where an injury is inflicted by the tortuous act triggered by irresistible force,or irresistible force is employed as a means to exercise a willful tortuous act,or the...