论最密切联系的司法原则化

最密切联系精神是现代化的冲突法立法之特质。我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》将最密切联系规则仅定位为兜底救济规则,其内因包括我国强调立法、控制司法的大陆法系传统,冲突规范的硬性约束,涉外司法的划一要求,法律适用的稳健考虑,以及司法任务的简化。但由此也导致无法优化选法结果、无法缓解制度缺陷、无法矫正不当管辖,以及无法调整涉外识别等功能残缺。应尝试通过司法能动的原则化方案,参鉴欧盟最新立法,把最密切联系规则激活成为理性实施我国国际私法的灵魂力量。

On Upholding the Most Significant Relationship a Judicial Principle

The most significant relationship indicates the legislative features of modern conflict of laws.In the Act of Application of Laws to Foreign-related Civil Affairs of the PRC,because of elements such as China’s valuing the civil law tradition of emphasis on legislation while limiting the judiciary,rigid conflict rules,uniform requirements for foreign-related cases,conservative ways in applying laws,and simplification of judicial tasks,the most significant relationship is made merely a fallback rule,which will not conduce to optimizing the result of choice of laws,curing institutional defects,changing unfair jurisdiction,or filling the gaps of foreign-related classification.As such,we should,by reference of the latest legislation of the European Union,try our best to take advantage of judicial autonomy to hold the most significant relationship a major judicial principle in China’s private international law.