民事判决中的非法证据排除规则

在民事诉讼中排除非法取得的证据,是最高人民法院通过司法解释确立的一条新的证据规则,该证据规则实施已近10年。由于该规则本身蕴含着程序公正与实体公正等价值与目的的冲突,审判实务中适用该规则遇到了相当大的困难。审判实务中较为普遍的做法是,根据规则所确立的"侵害他人合法权益"和"违反法律禁止性规定"这两条非法证据认定标准,采用利益衡量的方法,结合案件中收集证据的具体情形来作出排除与否的决定。法院在适用该规则时,尽管对部分取证方法为非法已经取得了广泛的共识,但对另一部分取证方法合法与否,仍存在着较大的分歧。

Exclusionary Rule Applicable in Civil Litigation

An exclusionary rule designed to exclude invalid evidence in civil litigation set up in the Judicial Interpretation of the Highest People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China has been adopted for nearly 10 years.With inherent conflict of procedural and substantive justice with purpose,application of the rule in praxis leads to much difficulty.In real world adjudication,the normal way is to decide whether to exclude evidence based on the 2 criteria of "infringement of other’s benefits" and "breach of prohibitive regulations" while balancing the parties’ interests and taking into account the specific condition of evidence collection.While applying the rule,judges,though having reached consensus on part of the ways of evidence collection,vary greatly in the validity of the other ways.