罗马法中主观诚信的产生、扩张及意义

罗马法中本无主观诚信的概念,由于社会的进步,它于公元前150年在《阿梯钮斯法》中出现。主观诚信概念一旦产生,就开始了其扩张。首先扩张到了公元前67年诞生的普布利奇安诉讼中。然后在一个不能确证的时间,它扩张到了添附法。129年扩张到了继承法。在161-169年之间扩张到了家庭法。在这一过程中,主观诚信的含义摇摆于"不知"与"确信"之间,两者都是人们"走眼"、"失手"的表现。罗马法不"修理"而是救济这样的失败者,是因为他们都无害人之心,而且他们都是弱者。随着主观诚信的扩张,罗马法对它的优待措施日益丰富。

Origin,Extension and Meaning of Subjective Good Faith

No concept existed of subjective good faith in Roman law until the enactment of Lex Atinia in 149 BC.Once coined,it began to be introduced extensively,first into actio publiciana in 67 BC,then into the accretion law in an uncertain time.In 129 DC,it was introduced into the succession law and in 161-169 DC the family law.During this process,its implication swayed between "ignorance" and "belief," both indicating negligence or loss of the agents.The reason why Roman law gives the losers relief rather than punishment lies in that they have no intention to harm others and they are all weak.With expansion of the concept of subjective good faith,its preference in Roman law becomes more and more conspicuous.