论专属经济区“海洋科学研究”和“军事测量”的法律问题

专属经济区"军事测量"活动是沿海国与非沿海国围绕海洋军事利用及科学研究活动引生争论、争端的焦点问题。非沿海国主张"军事测量"与水文测量一样都属于行使"航行和飞越自由权",别国无权干涉。沿海国认为"军事测量"属于"海洋科学研究",必须得到沿海国的批准并接受管辖。本文认为,专属经济区"军事测量"属于1982年《联合国海洋法公约》(下文简称海洋法公约)规定的"海洋科学研究"范畴,同时也是军事利用活动。因此,非沿海国在沿海国专属经济区内进行的任何形式的"海洋科学研究"以及"军事测量"活动,都必须得到沿海国的同意并接受管辖,出于"和平目的",应适当顾及沿海国的合法权益,所得信息和情报应与沿海国共享,禁止一切非法活动。

Legal Issues Regarding to "Marine Scientific Research" And "Military Surveys" in the Exclusive Economic Zone

Coastal states dispute the rights of other States to conduct "military surveys" and military intelligence collection activities in the exclusive economic zone(EEZ) without their prior consent.However,other states likened the "military surveys" to hydrographic surveys claiming that both types of survey are related to the freedoms of navigation and over-flight available to other States in the EEZ of a coastal State.This paper aims to ascertain the legal character of the "military surveys" and "Marine Scientific Research",and prove following conclusion.The "military surveys" in the EEZ is clearly under the jurisdiction of coastal State.Other states should conduct it with coastal states' consent,with "peaceful purpose" and "due regard" to the rights and duties of coastal states.