刑事司法裁量的边际均衡——从枪支认定标准与赵春华案切入

立足于真实的社会生活实践而不是想象的概念语词,能更好地厘清涉枪案件刑事司法面临的困境。经由枪支认定标准,刑事司法权力突兀地介入普通民众的正常社会生活,打破司法权力与公民权利的基本边际均衡,造成了刑事司法裁量的尴尬。刑法意义上的具有高度危险性的枪支,不应该与普通民众生产、经营、游艺所使用玩具枪、仿真枪的正常活动发生关联。刑事司法不侵扰普通民众的日常生活,这是刑事司法权力与公民社会利益的基本边际均衡。以一个侵扰公民正常社会生活的枪支认定标准为基础对涉枪案件进行“综合考量”,只会增加刑事司法的内部复杂性,进而造成刑事司法正当性的严重削弱。只有直面真实的社会生活实践,摒弃迷恋语词的法律形式主义思维,看重刑事司法的系统性后果,确定适宜的枪支认定标准,维护刑事司法裁量的基本边际均衡,才能有效化解涉枪犯罪司法治理的困境。

The Marginal Equilibrium of Criminal Judicial Discretion——From the Perspective of the Gun Identification Standard and Zhao Chunhua Case

The dilemma faced by criminal justice in gun cases can be clarified and solved on the basis of the practice in real social life,rather than imaginary concepts of words.The criminal judicial power intrudes into the normal social life of ordinary citizens abruptly through the identification standard of guns,thus breaking the basic marginal equilibrium between judicial power and civil rights and causing embarrassment to criminal judicial discretion.Guns with high risk in the sense of criminal law should not be associated with the normal activities of ordinary citizens in the production,selling and buying,and recreational use of toy guns and simulation guns.The discretion of criminal justice should not intrude into the daily life of ordinary citizens-which is the basic marginal equilibrium between the power of criminal justice and the interests of ordinary citizens.At present,criminal justice fails to abide by this basic marginal equilibrium,and“comprehensive consideration”of gun cases on the basis of a gun identification standard that interferes with the normal social life of citizens only increases the internal complexity and seriously weakens the legitimacy of criminal justice.Only by facing up to the practice of real social life,setting the appropriate standards for gun identification,abandoning the legal formalism thinking,and maintaining the basic marginal equilibrium of criminal justice discretion,can effectively solve the dilemma faced by the judicial governance of gun crimes.