农民专业合作社制度的制度经济学审视

在制度经济学看来,制度可以作为一种规则、一种习惯,也可以作为一种组织。制度在人类社会生活中可以为人提供行为模式、为人的行为提供预期减少不确定性、能够降低交易成本。制度经济学关于制度的研究对法律制度具有一定的指引和省示作用。《农民专业合作社法》构建了我国农民专业合作社法律制度,但是以制度经济学关于制度的研究来分析就会发现,该制度具有建构理性主义的色彩,存在制度价值无法得到发挥、制度运行成本较高等问题。农民专业合作社制度的构建应当尊重非正式制度的影响和演进理性主义的积极作用,并尽可能降低制度运行成本。

Review on the Institution of Specialized Farmers’Cooperatives from the Perspective of Institutional Economics

An institution can be a rule,a routine or an organization from the view of institutional economics.In human social life,an institution can offer a pattern of behavior,a prediction for people＇s conduct so as to mitigate uncertainty and reduce transaction cost.Therefore,the institutional economics can offer guidelines and enlightenment for legal systems.In China,the institution of specialized farmers＇cooperatives is regulated by the Law of PRC on Specialized Farmers＇Cooperatives.Based on the analysis from institutional economics perspective,it reveals that this institution is constructed on rationalism resulting in such problems as that the institutional values cannot play fully and the operational cost is rather high.Therefore,it is held that the establishment of the institution of specialized farmers＇cooperatives should respect the effect of informal institutions and promote evolutionary rationalism to play its active role as well as manage to reduce the operational costs.