成文宪法中的宗教内容比较研究

宗教信仰自由权是世界范围内各成文宪法保护的重要内容。与其他人权的宪法保护不同,宗教信仰自由权在各国宪法中具有扩散性保护特征。只有综合考量宪法规范中的宗教内容,才能准确理解宗教信仰自由权的宪法规范保护。通过在各成文宪法中查找与宗教相关的关键词,可以发现宗教信仰自由权成文宪法保护具有普遍性。以宗教信仰自由权为核心,辅之以政教关系的相关规定,构成了宗教问题宪法保护的基本框架。从内容上看,成文宪法保护的宗教信仰自由权具有内容的绝对性与相对性相统一、主体自主选择与结社自由相结合的特点;从属性上看,宗教信仰自由权具有入世性与政治性并存的特征。

A Comparative Study on the Constitutional Protection of Freedom of Religion or Belief

The right to freedom of religion or belief is an essential part protected worldwide by each statutory constitution.Different from other human rights protection in the Constitution,the right to freedom of religion or belief possesses the feature of diffusive protection in various constitutions.Thus,only by comprehensive consideration of the religious content in the constitutional norms,can the constitutional protection of the right to freedom of religion or belief be accurately understood.By searching for Keywords about religion in statutory constitutions,it is found that the right to freedom of religion or belief is universally protected by statutory constitutions.The right to freedom of religion or belief,as the core,complemented by relevant provisions on church-state relationship,constitutes the basic framework of the constitutional protection of religious issues.From the viewpoint of content,the right to freedom of religion or belief protected by the statutory is of the unity of absoluteness and relativity,as well as of the combination of free choice by individuals and freedom of association;from the viewpoint of property,the secular and political features coexist.