"鬼蛊"的想象与建构——以黔东南苗族聚居区为中心的考察

巫与蛊虽然存在着一定的关系,但在实践中和学理上它们并非是一类文化现象。众说纷纭的"巫蛊",不过是一种自我中心地以邻为壑地想象与建构他者的方式。苗族"鬼蛊"观念来自于对"毒药"与"阴影"的想象与建构,其基础是巫文化,关键点在于"影魂成活"。"鬼蛊"观念嵌入了社会分类的系统之中,于是想象和建构了我群与他群的界限、"洁"与"不洁"的畛域,实现了群内资源的稳定利用和自身社会的高度整合。

The Imagination and Construction of "Venomous Worm of Ghost"——A Case Study of the Miao-inhabited Area in Southeast Guizhou Province

Witchcraft and venomous worm have some connection but they are not one cultural phenomenon in reality and in theory.The controversies about "venomous worm of witchcraft" reveal the ways of imagining and constructing other based on self-centrality and the separation from the neighborhood.The concept of "venomous worm of ghost" of the Miao nationality originated from the imagination and construction of "poison" and "shadow" based on witchcraft culture embodied in "revival of shadow spirit".This concept is embedded in the system of social classification which has imagined and constructed the boundary of the self group and the other group,the areas of "purity" and "impurity" and achieved the stable application of in-group resources and the highly social integration.