毒品犯罪主观“明知”认定难的应然出路——从列举式推定到推定规则

由于毒品犯罪的特殊性,认定犯罪嫌疑人对所运输、持有的物品为毒品较为困难。为解决认定毒品犯罪中主观"明知"的困难,司法实践中引入了推定方法。然而,由于推定方法自身的缺陷以及毒品犯罪嫌疑人的特殊性,导致在毒品犯罪中适用犯意推定方法可能伤及无辜,因而需要对推定方法的适用进行合理的规范,合理限制其适用方法和条件,从而达到打击犯罪与人权保障的平衡。

Solution for the Problem about How to Identify the Subjective "Knowing" in Drug Crimes---From the Enumerated Presumption to the Presumption Rules

Because of the specificity of drug crimes, it is often difficult to identify what the criminal suspects hold is drugs. In order to solve the problem of subjective"knowing" in drug crimes, the presumption method is in-troduced into the judicial practice. However, due to the defects of the method and the special nature of suspects in drug crimes, applying the presumption method may hurt the innocent. Therefore, we should standardize the appli-cation of presumption method with reasonable limits so as to achieve the balance between fighting crimes and protec-ting human rights.