“两种利益不一致”问题的经济学分析

个人利益和社会利益一致是一个非常理想的社会目标,但在现实的社会生活中,二者之间的不一致却是常态。市场经济条件下二者之间不一致的原因在于:机会主义性质的追求自我利益最大化;经济活动的外部性;没有建立和实施有效的所有权。二者之间不一致将导致社会经济效率的降低和经济增长的停滞。解决该问题有福利经济学和新制度经济学两种思路。

Economic Analysis on the Issue of "Inconsistency of Two Kinds of Interests"

It is an ideal social goal that individual interests are consistent with social interests. However, in the real life of society, the inconsistency between the two is the normality. The reason of inconsistency between the two under the market economy lies in: The pursuit of self-interests maximization by the opportunism nature; the externality of economic activities; the absence of establishing and implementing effective ownership. The inconsistency of the two will cause the decrease in social economic effciency and the stagnation of economic growth. In order to solve this problem, two kinds of approaches, namely, welfare economics and new institutional economics should be applied.