近20年来台湾少数民族题材文学中的历史叙事研究

本文在探讨近20年来台湾少数民族题材文学创作风貌的基础上，发掘从台湾少数民族主体这一相对边缘视角言说历史的再现与批判潜能，并从知识社会学的角度考察相关文学创作与诠释所折射出的台湾政治文化变迁。台湾少数民族与非台湾少数民族作家在处理台湾少数民族题材时的切入视角与美学策略有显著差异：台湾少数民族作家致力于追溯被汉文化入侵、改造和收编的历史，反思部落文化在现代文明冲击下的溃败命运，并通过召唤部落文化传统来重建族群认同；非台湾少数民族作家侧重于以历史事件为扭结呈现创伤记忆，一方面流露出某种赎罪心理，另一方面也有淡化历史上台湾少数民族与汉民族冲突的倾向，以共构入史的策略将台湾少数民族的悲情转化为“台湾人”的悲情。本文认为，对台湾少数民族文学的分析应与对20世纪90年代以来多元文化论的兴起与本土化论述策略转型的社会背景的考察相结合，才能还原台湾少数民族议题在当代台湾的兴起与质变过程，进而把握近20年来文学领域对台湾少数民族题材的关注所呈现的历史眼光与意识形态心理变迁轨迹。

A Study of Historical Narrative of Taiwan Minority Literature in Recent Twenty Years

This paper makes a detailed study of the creative style of the Taiwan minority literature over the past 20 years, an exploration of its historical representation and critical potential from the perspective of minority nationality subject, and an investigation of the Taiwan political and cultural changes reflected in the literary creation from the angle of sociology. As known to all, there exist significant differences in perspectives and aesthetic strategies in dealing with minority subject matter between minority and non-minority writers. The national minority writers have been devoted to the retrospect of the history of cultural in- vasion, transformation and incorporation by Han culture, the reflection on the defeated fate of tribal culture under the impact of modem civilization, and the re-establishment of the ethnic identity through calling the tribal cultural tradition, whereas the non- minority writers have placed particular emphasis on the traumatic memory through the account of historical events. On one hand, they reveal some kind of atonement, while on the other hand, trying to weaken the tendency of conflict with the I-fan na- tionality in history in an attempt to transform the pathos of the minority in to the pathos of the Taiwanese. This paper believes that the analysis of Taiwan minority literature should be made along with the investigation of the rise of multicuhuralism and the social background of the transformation of the localization strategy since 1990s. Only in this way can we restore the Taiwan mi- nority issues in the process of rise and change in modern Taiwan, and furthermore, understand and grasp well the historical perspective and the ideological and psychological changes over the minority subject matter in the field of literature over the past twenty years.