试论空想社会主义的浪漫主义特征

空想社会主义作为超越资本主义社会的最初理论形式 ,在社会主义学说史上具有重要的贡献。但从总体上看 ,它是非科学的社会主义 ,这突出表现在其浪漫主义特征上。它以唯心主义人性论为哲学基础 ,以人文主义的价值批判为惟一方法。非革命性和非人民性成为其社会历史观的本质 ,在道德的层面而非科学的层面批判资本主义社会制度 ,浪漫而抽象地构思未来理想社会。马克思主义的社会主义学说是对其的科学超越。现实中有些社会主义学者企图重新拾起被马克思主义克服了的浪漫主义因素来解释社会主义 ,这在理论上当然是不可取的。

On Romantic Characteristics of Utopian Socialism

As the initial theoretic form to transcend capitalism, utopian socialism contributes a lot in the history of socialist theory. But as a whole it is unscientific socialism which shows especially by its characteristic of romanticism. It based philosophically on idealistic theory of humanity and its only method is the value criticism of humanism. Nature of its social historic concept lies in that it's non-revolutionary and doesn't have an affinity to the people. It criticizes capitalism in the respect of morality instead of science and works out an ideal society in the future romantically and abstractly. Marxist socialist theory is a scientific transcendence of that. In reality some socialist scholars still try to interpret socialism with romanticism which have been abandoned by Marx and surely that is not feasible theoretically.