美国流域治理与公益诉讼司法实践及其启示

为应对水体污染,促进河流、湖泊和湿地健康,美国自上个世纪70以来逐步发展出一套由行政机关、检察官和公民社会主导的多元治理机制,在流域保护立法与司法实践中所积累的成功经验与失败教训能为我国提供借鉴。我国在面对两化叠加治理难题时,应确立融合平衡理念,进一步创新环境治理手段,拓展司法保护机制,同时完善协商和解途径,充分发挥社会各方面力量。

The Judicial Practice and Enlightenment of U. S. Watershed Governance and Public Interest Litigation

Since the 1970 s,the United States has gradually developed a comprehensive and multidisciplinary legal framework,led by administrative agencies,prosecutors,and citizen society organizations,to address water pollution and to promote healthy watersheds. The U. S. experiences and lessons learned in watersheds protection could serve as great reference for China’s watersheds protection legislation and judicial practice. Facing the conflicts between modernized environmental infrastructure and legislationand post-modernized needs for a good and healthy environmentof Chinese people,China should well establish the concept of integration and balance,further create innovative means of environmental governance and expand the judicial protection mechanism. At the same time,better alternative dispute resolution mechanism including mediation and settlement should be improved,and all members of society should be activated to tackle with environmental challenges.