客观归责论与实务上的规范判断

虽然我国实务上明确根据客观归责论说明裁判理由的案件很少,但客观归责论所揭示的规范判断方法对于判断客观构成要件符合性、限定处罚范围都很重要,因果关系的相当性说与客观归责论的差异也是根本性的。客观归责论所指明的刑法规范判断方向是完全正确的,至于是否非得使用客观归责论的相关术语,是否必须按照制造风险与实现风险的进路进行思考,并非问题的关键。对于绝大多数案件而言,分析实行行为违反何种行为规范以及其危险性何在、其是否直接指向结果等,就可以认为实务上承认或接受了客观归责论的规范思考。当然,实务上应当针对行为危险性是否存在、结果如何具体地进行归属的判断等较为复杂的情形进行规范维度的审慎检验,并应关注客观归责论在正当防卫等领域的适用可能。

The Objective Imputation and the Normative Judgment in Practice

Although few cases have clearly explained the reasons of judgment in accordance with the objective imputation theory in practice,the normative judgment method revealed by the objective imputation theory is of great importance in deciding the fulfillment of the objective element of crime,as well as limiting the range of punishment. There is a significant and fundamental difference between the theory of equivalence of causality and the theory of objective imputation. The normative judgment in criminal law oriented by the objective imputation theory is correct. As for the question whether the terminology of the objective imputation theory must be used and whether the consideration must be made according to the route of manufacturing risk and realizing risk,they are not the key to the discussion on the objective imputation theory. The feature of Chinese judicial practice is to combine the normative judgment and the factual judgment into the judgement. For the most majority of cases,it can be regarded as the recognition or acceptance of the normative thinking of objective imputation in practice by analyzing what kind of norm the behavior violates,where the danger lies and whether it directly points to the result. Of course,in practice,we should carefully examine whether the risk of behavior exists and how to judge the attribution of the results in a more complex situation. In addition,more attention should be paid to the application of the objective imputation theory in the field of selfdefense.