制造法不允许的危险:质疑与检视

制造法不允许的危险应当被定位为结果归责的前提,而非结果归责的内容。在结果加重犯中,制造法不允许的基本结果之危险,涉及到实行行为的判断;而制造法不允许的加重结果之危险,与实行行为的判断无关,而是属于结果归责的内容。主流的客观归责理论存在着以下严重的缺陷:没有清楚地区分行为不法与结果不法,弱化了刑法上行为规范的指示功能;没有留下足够的空间去讨论刑法限制行为自由的正当根据,不利于保障国民的行动自由;将同一内容反复检验,有损犯罪判断的经济性;不利于确立一个明确的结果归责的连接点,造成结果归责判断的混乱。制造法不允许的危险的下位判断基准,无法为行为无价值立场下的实行行为的判断提供可以借鉴的内容。制造法允许的危险、单纯降低法益的危险等下位判断基准,确实可为结果无价值立场下的实行行为的判断提供值得注意的内容,但受制于自身的立场,并不能将这些内容纳入到实行行为的判断之中。

Risk Not Permitted by Criminal Law: Challenge and Inspection

The creation of risk not permitted by law should be defined as the premise of the imputation rather than the content of the result. In consequential aggravation,creating the risk of fundamental result not permitted by law involves the judgment of act of perpetrating,while creating the risk of aggravating result not permitted by the law involves the content of the imputation of result.The mainstream theory of objective imputation causes many serious defects.There will be no clear boundaries between Handlungsunwert and Erfolgsunwert. The indicative function of the code of conduct in the criminal law will be weakened. There will not be enough space left to discuss the legitimate basis for the restriction on freedom of action by the criminal law,and it is not conducive to the protection of civil liberties. Repeatedly testing the same content in different elements of crime will harm the economy of crime judgment. Finally,it is not conducive to establishing a clear connection point for the imputation of result,which will cause the confusion in the judgement of the imputation of result. The secondary criteria of the risk not permitted by law cannot provide reference for the judgment of act of perpetrating. The secondary criteria such as the creation of risk allowed by law and the pure reduction of legal interest,will provide noteworthy contents for the judgement of act of perpetrating,but cannot be absorbed into the judgment of the act of perpetrating because of the restriction of its standpoint.