学术自由:侵权与救济

学术自由侵权与其他侵权行为具有共性,但与一般侵权行为相比,行为的主观方面和行为后果不是认定学术自由侵权的必备要素。从学术自由权成立的正当性出发,有三类限制或禁止学术自由的行为是应予允许的。在现代社会中,按照在实践中得到运用的广泛程度和实际效果,最重要的学术自由权救济机制包括宪法救济、一般诉讼救济以及通过结社进行的自力救济。

Academic Freedom: Tort and Remedies

To some extent,violation of academic freedom is in common with other tortuous acts.However,the intent and consequences of the violation are not the requirements to ascertain such a violation.In terms of the legitimacy of academic freedom,three sorts of abridgment or suppression of the freedom are available.In modern society,in accordance with practical experience and actual results,the most important remedies for violation of academic freedom includes constitutional remedy,common judicial remedy and self-remedy by associations.