NORMALIZATION AND LEGITIMATION: MODELING STIGMATIZING ATTITUDES TOWARD EX-OFFENDERS* |
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| Authors: | PAUL J. HIRSCHFIELD ALEX R. PIQUERO |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sociology, Rutgers University The authors wish to thank the following people for their valuable suggestions and feedback: Francis T. Cullen, Thomas LeBel, Shadd Maruna, James Unnever, the Editor, and three anonymous reviewers. Roger Calderon provided editorial assistance. Direct correspondence to Paul J. Hirschfield, Department of Sociology, Rutgers University, 54 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (e-mail: phirschfield@sociology.rutgers.edu).;2. College of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Florida State University |
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| Abstract: | Successful community reentry and the criminological impact of incarceration may depend in part on the attitudes (and consequent reactions) that prisoners encounter after release. Theories of social stigma suggest that such attitudes depend, in turn, on the levels of familiarity with the stigmatized group (the normalization thesis) as well as on the credibility and trust they accord to sanctioning agents (the legitimation thesis). To assess these two hypotheses, we present the first multivariate analysis of public attitudes toward ex-offenders. Data from a four-state, random-digit telephone survey of more than 2,000 individuals indicate that, net of controls, personal familiarity with ex-offenders may soften attitudes, whereas confidence in the courts may harden them. As expected, non-Hispanic Whites, conservatives, and southern residents hold more negative views of ex-offenders. Our findings lend indirect support to concerns that incarceration is becoming “normalized”, and we suggest strategies for reducing the stigma of incarceration. |
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| Keywords: | incarceration stigma ex-offenders punitiveness prejudice |
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