1946年的政协宪政方案失败原因探析

1946年,参与政协会议的各方,包括国民党、共产党、民主同盟等,设计了一套旨在建立两院国会制、责任内阁制和地方自治制的宪政方案。方案得到了各方的认同,但最后却失败了。各方对于政协决议一些具体问题的争执以及对于这些争执的误读,在实施政协决议时的次序错误,当国共双方出现重大分歧时中间性力量的分裂等因素综合起来导致了宪政方案的失败。国共在东北问题上的分歧与战争也是重要原因,但不在本文的分析之列。

Why the Constitutional Government Program by the CPPCC in 1946 Was not Carried Out- A Historic Analysis

In 1946,all parties present at the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference(the CPPCC),including the Kuomintang,the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese Revolutionary League,conducted a constitutional government program intending to establish a bicameral parliament,responsible cabinet and local autonomous governments.Though acknowledged by all the parties,the program was ultimately not carried out.This author addresses the failure of the parties to agree on some specific problems with CPPCC resolution,the procedural mistakes in carrying out the resolution and the breaking-up of the middle forces when the Kuomintang and the CP had serious disputes.The dispute of the Kuomintang and the CP over the north district of China and the war,important as it is,is not within the scope of this paper.