我国养老服务业改革：问题、重点与政策研究

人口老龄化是贯穿我国 21 世纪的基本国情。从 2006 年养老服务业这一概念首次在政府层面提出至今,我国养老服务业在探寻符合中国特色的发展模式中逐步成长,特别是“十三五”以来我国在养老服务业改革上取得了若干突破性进展。但总体来看,我国养老服务业发展仍处于初级阶段,明确属性上“事业”与“产业”的合理边界、政府职能上“有限权利”与“有效权利”的合理边界、体系构架上“家庭功能”与“社会功能”的合理边界、宏观政策上“动态调整”与“连续性”的合理边界,是深化我国养老服务业改革必须面对的关键问题。面对新趋势和新要求,我国必须立足现实基础、需求结构和发展趋势,以改革为主线,在建立健全养老服务业体系上加快走出一条符合中国特色的发展道路。

On the Reform of China's Senior Citizens Service Industry: Issues, Priorities, and Policy Suggestions

The aging population is an important national condition throughout the 21st century in China. Since the notion of senior citizens service industry was first put forward by the government in 2006, the service industry of the aged in our country has grown gradually in the process of exploring the development mode with Chinese characteristics. In particular, since the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has made some breakthroughs in the reform of senior citizens service industry. However, the development of China''s senior citizens service industry, on the whole, is still in its infancy. Hence, clarifying the reasonable boundary between "undertaking" and "industry" in its attribute, that of between the "limited rights" and "effective rights" in government functions and that of between "family function" and "social function" in the system framework, as well as that of between "dynamic adjustment" and "continuity" in macro-policy are key issues to be clarified in deepening the reform of China''s senior citizens service industry. In the face of new trends and new requirements, China, taking the reform as the main line, has to pave a realistic foundation, focus on the demand structure and development trend, and speed up the development of a sound senior citizens service system with Chinese characteristics.