《民法典》第584条(违约损害赔偿范围)评注

《民法典》第584条为有关违约损害赔偿范围的规定,可从事实因果关系和法律因果关系两个视角进行分析。事实因果关系视角下,应注意区分履行利益、信赖利益和返还利益。在因解除而发生的违约损害赔偿的计算中,应注意履行利益和返还利益的关系,避免重复计算。违约损害赔偿范围的决定中,确定性问题位于事实因果关系层面,是事后判断;而可预见性问题位于法律因果关系层面,是事前判断。若涉及确定性问题,确定性问题的探讨应在可预见性问题之前。

Commentary on Article 584 of Civil Code(Scope of Damages for the Breach of Contract)

Article 584 of Civil Code stipulates the scope of damages for breach of contract,which can be analyzed from two perspectives:factual causation and legal causation.From the perspective of factual causation,attention should be paid to distinguishing performance interests,reliance interests,and restitution interests.When one party exercises the right of cancellation due to other party s breach of contract,for the calculation of damages,attention should be paid to the relationship between performance interests and restitution interests,to avoid double counting.In the determination of the scope of damages for breach of contract,the issue of certainty lies at the level of factual causation,which is an ex-post judgment;while the issue of foreseeability lies at the level of legal causation,which is an ex-ante judgment.If it involves certainty issues,the discussion of certainty issues should precede the foreseeability issues.