日本环境犯罪的刑法理论发展

日本从战后废墟中快速重建,但其工业经济的发展却是以人们的生活环境为代价的,在一连串的公害事故后人们才觉醒到环境的重要,并将环境作为刑法上的重要法益。但是由于环境本身的特殊性,以保护个人利益为基础的传统刑法理论在处理环境犯罪方面明显不足,因此不得不提出相应的修正理论。例如客观归责上的疫学因果关系说,乃至于主观归责上的危惧感说。然而,在面临举证困难的同时,为了有效预防环境犯罪,提早保护不特定多数人的生命、身体乃至于财产安全,日本最终在立法上采用了危险犯的立法模式。日本环境犯罪的刑法理论发展,对我国具有一定借鉴价值。

Development of Criminal Law Theory on Environmental Crimes in Japan

Japan has experienced a fast recovery from post - war ruins, but the development of industry economy is at the cost of people＇s living environment. People came to be aware of the importance of environ- ment after a series of social harm accidents, and began to treat environment as an essential interest protected by criminal law. As to the distinct nature of environment, the traditional criminal law theory based on protec- tion of individuals＇ interest is obviously insufficient, so modified theories are required, such as the causality of epidemic disease based on objective imputation, and theory of fear feeling based on subjective imputation. Considering the difficulty in burden of proof, in order to effectively prevent environmental crimes, and to pro- tect indefinite people＇ s lives, health and property safety, Japan conclusively adopts the legislation mode of po- tential damage offence. Japan＇s criminal theory on environmental crimes is of valuable reference.