Dead ends and new beginnings: the quest for a procedural republic in Poland |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;2. Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;3. Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;4. Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;1. University of Florida, P.O Box 100177, Gainesville, FL 32616, United States;2. Texas A&M University, 108 GGB, 2929 Research Pw, College Station, TX 77843, United States;3. University of Nairobi, KNH, P. O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Texas A&M University, 804B EDCT, 540 Ross St, College Station, TX 77843, United States;5. Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States;6. Texas A&M University, 311F BLOC, 155 Ireland St, College Station, TX 77843, United States;7. University of Florida, PO Box 100186, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States;8. Texas A&M University, 266 GGB, 2929 Research Pw, College Station, TX 77843, United States;1. Department of Pediatrics, Children''s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children''s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada;4. Children''s Respiratory and Critical Care Specialists, Minneapolis, MN, USA;5. Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Boston, MA, USA;6. Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA;7. Stanley Manne Children''s Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA;8. Ann & Robert H Lurie Children''s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;1. University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy;2. Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Caserta, Italy;4. Advice Pharma Group, Milan, Italy;5. Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy;6. Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;7. Department of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hartcentrum Hasselt, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium;8. Unit of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;9. Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | The article, by juxtaposing the Polish and the American democratic consolidations, examines the deficiencies of the state transformation in Poland, focusing specifically on the conflict between a procedural and a substantive interpretation of democratic order. The analysis of the act that initiated the process of transition to democracy, the Roundtable Accord of 1989, is followed by a case study of an imperfect consensus and political compromise, the choices of electoral laws. After discussion of some other cases of ill-conceived institutional designs, the article concludes with an analysis of the socio-political background of the institutional transformation in Poland. |
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