美国对亚非会议政策再探讨——基于东亚冷战的视角

20世纪50年代中期东亚地区冷战的特点是美国着力组建旨在遏制中国的军事同盟体系,而中国通过落实国际和平统一战线政策力图突破美国的封锁。亚非会议成为中美两国冷战角力的焦点。美国对亚非会议的政策有两个基本点:第一,美国不公开反对召开亚非会议,但鼓励所谓“温和国家”与会,以间接发挥美国对会议的影响力;第二,全力阻止会议发起国做出邀请中国与会的决定。在行动没有奏效的情况下,转而要求自己的盟国代表“自由世界”发言,尽可能限制中国代表团在会上的影响。会议开幕后,美国没有对周恩来提出的缓和台湾地区紧张局势的声明给予积极回应。会议结束后,美国逐渐认识到周恩来的外交活动在会议上取得了成功,但仍然未能促使它改变遏制、敌视新中国的政策。

Re-examining America s Policy towards the Afro-Asian Conference:From the Perspective of the Cold War in East Asia

The characteristics of the Cold War in East Asia during the mid-1950 s were as follows: The United States focused on establishing military alliance systems to contain the People s Republic of China, while the PRC sought to break the external blockade by implementing its diplomatic strategy of the United Front for International Peace. Therefore, the Afro-Asian Conference became a central issue in the confrontation between China and the U.S. during the Cold War. America s policy towards the Afro-Asian Conference included two basic points. First, the U.S. did not oppose the Afro-Asian Conference publicly and encouraged so-called moderate countries to attend the conference so that the U.S. could control the conference indirectly. Second, the U.S. did everything to prevent the sponsor nations from inviting China to attend the Afro-Asian Conference. When those actions failed, the U.S. required its allies to deliver speeches representing the interests of the so-called “Free World” in order to restrain the Chinese delegation s influence. After its inauguration, the Eisenhower administration did not respond positively to Zhou Enlai s statement of Relaxing the Tension in the Taiwan Strait Area. After the end of the conference, the U.S. gradually acknowledged that Zhou Enlai had achieved great success in the conference, but did not change its hostility and containment policy towards China.