“单一行政官”理论与美国总统权力的扩张

"单一行政官"理论是在对美国宪法有关总统权力条款的解读过程中产生的理论,其核心含义是,任何对总统掌控行政部门进行限制的企图都被视为违宪。"单一行政官"的概念形成于200多年前的制宪会议。后来,"单一行政官"理论不断地发展演变,为美国总统不断扩展其行政权力提供了理论依据。"单一行政官"理论通过证明总统扩张权力的正当性,对美国三权分立的权力制衡机制构成了威胁。要厘清总统权力的边界,必须参照宪法的文本和结构,同时也要考虑到现代社会对行政部门提出的新要求。

The Unitary Executive Theory and the Expansion of the U.S. Presidential Power

The Unitary Executive Theory is a theory based on the interpretation of the relevant clauses of the U.S.Constitution concerning the executive power of the president.Its core meaning is that any attempt to restrain the president’s control over the executive branch is deemed unconstitutional.The idea of the Unitary Executive arose at the Constitutional Convention over 200 years ago.Later,the Unitary Executive Theory developed and has been providing a theoretical basis for U.S.presidents to expand their executive power.As the theory justifies the expansion of the presidential power,it has posed a threat to the checks-and-balances mechanism in the federal government.To clarify the boundary of presidential power,on the one hand,one should refer to the text and structure of the U.S.Constitution;on the other hand,one must also take into account the executive branch’s response to the new demands of modern society.