生育权基本问题的探讨及其法律保护

关于生育权基本问题的争议很大，学界对生育权的性质、权属主体和权能更是众说纷纭。生育权应是自然人主体享有的生育的人身自由权，是自然人人格要素之一，属人格权范畴。自然人享有平等的生育权，但男女生育权并非同等，它们在权能和内容上存在差异。男女生育权共同的权能有生育选择权、生育信息知情权等，无“生育隐私权”权能，且生育选择权受到限制，是相对的选择权。女性生育权较男性生育权具有更多的可选择内容和更大的知情权范围。此外，女性生育权还独有生育健康权权能。生育权的法律保护有待完善，最高院《关于适用〈婚姻法〉若干问题的解释（三）》（征求意见稿）第十条需加修改。

Discussion on the Basic Issues of Reproductive Right and Its Legal Protection

There exist great disputes in the academic world over the basic issues,especially the character,the right owner and the functions,of reproductive right.The reproductive right shall be categorized as a right of personal freedom enjoyed by natural person.It is one of the elements of natural person’s personality so that it shall be classified as personality right.Natural persons’ reproductive and female’s reproductive rights are options on reproduction,right to know information on reproduction,etc.Reproductive privacy right does not exist and the function of options on reproduction is restricted so that the options are relative.Female’s reproductive right has more options and a wider range in right to know information.Moreover,female’s reproductive right solely has the function of reproductive health.The legislative protection on reproductive right needs perfection and article 10 of the Judicial Interpretation III of Chinese Marriage Law(draft) should be modified.