CRIMINOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE: PERIOD AND COHORT EFFECTS IN SCHOLARSHIP |
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| Authors: | JOACHIM J SAVELSBERG SARAH M FLOOD |
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| Institution: | Joachim J. Savelsberg is on the sociology faculty at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Much of his work is on institutional conditions of criminal punishment in international comparison (for example, American Journal of Sociology;99/1994:911–943;Punishment and Society 1/1999:45–70), institutional conditions of criminological knowledge over time (for example, with Lara Cleveland and Ryan King in Social Forces 82/2004:1275–1302 and in Social Problems 49/2002:327–348), the historic role of religion in the development of criminal law (Law and Social Inquiry 29/2004:373–401), and, most recently, the role of institutions and collective memory of evil for protective and compensatory government programs and for terrorism. Sarah M. Flood is a sociology graduate student at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. She recently received a research grant from the National Science Foundation (Doctoral Dissertation Research: Gender-Specific Period, Cohort, and Institutional Effects in the Production of Criminological Knowledge). |
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| Abstract: | Period and cohort effects are explored in regard to criminological knowledge. Hypotheses are inspired by biographies and by research in the sociology of knowledge, based on Karl Mannheim's essay on generations, Maurice Halbwachs' partly conflicting arguments about the presentist orientation of collective memory and newer ideas about the institutional context of knowledge production. The data set results from content analysis of 1, 390 articles in leading American sociology, criminology, and law and society journals from 1951 to 1993, supplemented by information on the authors' "academic age." Results show that cohort membership has some effect and periods have considerable impact on topic, type of theory examined and data used by criminologists. These effects are interpreted against the background of post-World War II history: dominant ideological currents of different eras, historic events, changing academic institutions, and the ebb and flow of influential schools. Multivariate analyses indicate that period effects are largely but not fully explained by shifts in research funding and by the emergence of specialized fields with their own institutions. |
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| Keywords: | history of criminology sociology of criminology cohort and period effects |
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