论狩猎采集文化的生态适应

狩猎采集文化对生态环境的适应 ,在处理人与自然的关系上体现了其合理性能 ,其对生态环境的适应方式都是源于对生物资源的合理利用。但这一文化模式也曾引发过重大的环境问题 ,其原因是一种文化在进入新的环境时其调适能力较差 ,容易采用错误的适应方式。这对我国的“西部大开发”至少有三点生态人类学的启示 :西部开发中要注重文化的适应问题 ,正确的文化适应使得人能够在其所生活的环境制约中与其现有资源共存 ;西部开发要注意结合当地生态环境条件 ,积极发展生态经济 ;西部开发要注意保护传统环境知识 ,因为传统环境知识与当代科学技术一样是构成人类知识体系的基本要素 ,保护好它们有利于人类未来的选择

Hunter-Gatherers' Ecological Adaptation

Hunter gatherers'adaptation to ecological environment is reasonable in the treatment of man-and-nature relations and represents a proper way of utilizing biological resources. However, hunter gathers' mode of culture has also caused some major environmental problems. One reason is that this type of culture shows a lower adaptability to new environments, and is likely to adopt wrong methods for dealing with changed situations. This brings up at least three points that are worthy of consideration in the program for developing West China: firstly, in the development of the region, attention must be paid to the issue of cultural adaptation, for only when a culture is well adapted to the changed environment can the people in this culture coexist with the existing resources; secondly, the development of the region must take into consideration the local ecological and environmental conditions, and efforts must be made to develop ecology conscious or green economy; thirdly, care must be taken to protect indigenous knowledge about environment, for such knowledge, like modern science and technology, constitutes an important part of human knowledge system. The preservation of it will be of great help to people in making choices about the future.