中国民事执行体制改革的模式选择——基于执行权组织构造的考量与分析

作为一种二重性的权力,民事执行权在结构要素上可分为执行实施权和执行裁决权两部分,据此民事执行权在组织构造上应该分别贯穿行政权和司法权的制度安排。迄今为止,中国民事执行体制改革的核心是通过设立执行局,在上下级法院之间形成统一领导的管理体制,这是一种内置式的改革模式。中国民事执行体制构建应该符合民事执行权自身的性质和组织、运行规律,尊重法院作为司法权载体的组织与程序构造要求,切合中国当代司法制度改革的整体目的。据此,在内置式改革模式已经得到相当充分的实践但依然没有从根本上解决执行难题的情况下,外放式的改革模式可成为中国当代民事执行体制进一步改革的必要选择。

The Mode Choice of the Civil Execution System Reform in China

As a kind of twofold power,civil execution power can be divided into implement power and judgment power in the aspect of structural elements.Accordingly,as far as the organization structure is concerned,civil execution power should separately comply with the system arrangement of administrative power and judicial power.So far the core of the civil execution system reform in China is establishing the execution bureau in every court and forming the corresponding and unified management system between superior courts and their subordinates.This is a kind of "built-in" reform mode.The construction of Chinese civil execute system should take its own nature,organization and operating rules of civil execution power as the foundation,respect the organization and procedural structure of the court which is the carrier of judicial power,and accord with the overall purpose of judicial system reform in contemporary China.In this regard,on the condition that "built-in" reform mode still failed to settle the problem of execution at root when it has been quite sufficient practiced,based on the basic requirements of reasonable construction of civil execution system,"built-out" reform mode can become the necessary choice in the further reform of Chinese civil execution system.