追溯与寻明:国际法视角下的碳排放权单位研究

自以《京都议定书》为基础的市场化机制建立以来,经过近20年的发展,全球碳金融市场呈现蓬勃发展的态势,交易量大幅提升,成交金额不断攀升,市场化机制在夯实中不断完善和发展。同时,争端与纠纷日益增加,国际多边环境公约调整下的碳排放权机制部分地在WTO体制下进行规制,成为众多学者的憧憬。碳排放权单位体现的既不是GATT框架下的"产品",也不是GATS框架下的"服务",而是在经济上反映出特殊的金融衍生产品的属性。然而,碳排放权单位交易商提供服务的行为契合GATS金融服务要求,因此交易商可依据GATS享受跨国服务领域中的最惠国待遇,并可将与WTO规则相关的争端诉诸WTO争端解决机制,实现环境争端解决的规范化、法制化。

Research on Carbon Emissions Unit Trading:From the Perspective of International Law

Since the establishment of emissions trading mechanism under "Kyoto Protocol",within nearly 20 years of development,the global carbon finance market has boomed,trading volume has increased dramatically,and market-based mechanisms have been improved and developed.Meanwhile,disputes related to carbon emissions have been increasing.Theoretical studies,comparative analysis and case studies reveal that unit of carbon emissions is not reflected in the framework of "product" under GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade),nor is it the framework "services" under GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services).However,carbon emissions traders fit the requirements of financial services under the GATS,so traders can enjoy the right of MFN(Most Favored Nations) provided by GATS,and as to the disputes related to WTO rules,the traders can resort to DSM(the Dispute Settlement Body) of WTO in order to achieve the standardization of environmental dispute settlement.