美国隐私权的宪法保护述评

美国隐私权的宪法保护建立在其独特的司法审查的基础上,有其独特的特色,不仅体现在通过最高法院对宪法的司法解释回应了公民权利运动对隐私权保护的要求,而且宪法对隐私权的保护具有开放性,虽然美国宪法对隐私权的保护受制于社会传统伦理道德和政府的政策,但是通过消极的个案判决方式从基本人权的角度确立了宪法对自决权意义上的隐私权的保护。

Constitutional Protection of Privacy in the USA

The constitutional protection of privacy in the USA is based on its peculiar judicial review.The protection's uniqueness lies in the fact that not only the judicial interpretation by the US Supreme Court well responds to the civil right movements' desire for protection of privacy but also that the constitutional protection should keep openness.In the USA,the constitutional protection of privacy is subject to traditional social ethics and official policies.By way of passively deciding cases,the constitutional protection of privacy in the sense of basic human rights and autonomy of will has been established.