制度创新:我国农地利用产权变革的必经之路

我国现行的农地利用制度主要是土地承包经营权制度。将土地承包经营权界定为用益物权是导致当前农地征用征收过程中农民利益严重丧失的一大重要原因。我国农地利用制度的设计基础与大多数大陆法系国家不同。大多数大陆法系国家土地物权制度设计是建立在土地私有制基础上的,而我国土地由国家所有或集体所有,这构成我国土地物权法律制度建设的基础。因而我们应在借鉴英美法系国家的产权制度的基础上重构我国的农地利用制度。农地持有权——一种独立的权利形态,替代土地承包经营权将成为我们的现实选择。

System Innovation:the only Way of Rural Land Utilization Property Rights Reform

China's existing rural land utilization system is mainly land contract operation rights.Bacause land contract operation right is defined as usufructuary right,there is a serious loss of the farmers'interests during the rural land expropriation.The design basis of the rural land utilization system is different between our country and the most countries of the civil law.The land reality right system in most countries of the civil law is based on the system of private ownership of land.But the land in our country is owned by the nation or the collective,which constitutes the foundation of the construction of the land reality of laws system in our country.So we should reconstruct land utilization system on the basis of learning from estate system of the common law countries.It is a realistic choice that rural land possession right as an independent right will instead land contract operation rights.