不同环境条件下大鼠死后皮肤大体和组织学改变

目的研究观察大鼠在不同环境条件下死后不同时间其皮肤大体、组织学的改变,为推测较长的死后间隔时间建立实验动物依据。方法观察雌性SD大鼠在不同环境条件下的死后变化,并间隔一定死后时间取皮、染色和镜下观察。结果死后发生骨、软组织分离,A组约需35d,B组需13d。皮肤有形细胞成分和附属器完全分解破坏,A组约20d,B组7d。胶原纤维在A组死后40d（B组12d）仍有部分保留完整。结论环境温度差异是造成A、B两组发生死后改变时程不同的主要因素,利用皮肤大体、组织学改变可望较系统和准确的推测晚期死亡时间。

Gross and histologic postmortem changes of the rats skin in different surrounding condition

Background and objective Estimating of time since death have been the most important and difficult work in forensic pathology for a long time, especially the long-term postmortem interval （PMI）. When cadaver decomposition processed, skin was the latest part to be breakdown. To establish an animal experimental model estimating the PMI, especially a long-term PMI, we studied the gross and histologic postmortem changes of rat skin in different environmental condition, methods We sequentially and systematically studied the gross and histologic changes of female Sprague-Dawely rat skin in different surrounding condition, results About 35 days postmortem separation of body tissues from bones happened in rats of group A, but only 13 days postmortem the similar changes happened in rats of group B： In group A, the material cells and appendant organ of rat skin were completely decomposed in about 20 days （on the contrary 7days in group B）. Some collagenous fibers in dermis were kept from decomposition and maintained even 40 days postmortem in group A （12 days in group B）. conclusion The difference of surrounding temperature was the most important agent resulting the different postmortem changes time course between group A and group B. It is seemed to be possibility to accurately and systematically estimating the long term PMI using gross and histologic changes of skin.