对两大法系“缺席判决主义”本质之思考

学界大多认为,"缺席判决主义"的本质是缺席就败诉。通过对两大法系一些国家缺席审判制度的深入考察,我们可以发现法官依然要对诉讼要件和证据资料进行审查。同时,在英美法系国家,法官同样须要经过审理才能作出缺席判决;一方当事人不履行审前命令的判决不属于缺席判决。因而,"缺席判决主义"的本质应当定性为单方审查。

The Essence of" Default Judgment" in Two Main Legal Systems

For many scholars,the essence of "default judgment" simply means the defaulter’s losing the case.However,a close examination of the default judgment practiced in the two main legal systems reveals that judges will still check the procedural requirements for filing a petition and the evidence.In common law countries,the judge typically makes a default judgment after a hearing while the judgment made for one party’s failing to obey the pretrial order falls out of the ambit of default judgment.As such,the essence of "default judgment" should be held as mono-check.