略论中国古代家庭小说的纪传形式

以《金瓶梅》、《红楼梦》为代表的古代家庭小说注重人物性格塑造,好以深细的笔法叙写普通人的日常生活,力图通过主人公的传记生活来展现家庭的命运史.为了达到这些目的,该类型小说借鉴历史纪传体形式,巧妙灵活地运用合传、单传和类传等形式;传体诸形式之间的特定配置,建构了整个人物的组合系统,从而为深入细密地刻画人物性格创造了条件.小说所叙述的家庭历史走势也正是通过人物的纪传形式获得深入的显现.同时,家庭小说还充分吸收了编年形式进入纪传,并在"五体合一"的意义上灵活地运用了纪传形式,这就使家庭生活的审美幻象获得更高的逼真性.史学的纪传形式通过小说艺术的创造性转换,最终成为体现小说的历史意识和人物塑形意识相统一的重要形式因素.这对家庭小说类型的形成具有重要意义.

Annals and Biographies Style in Family Novels

Historical annals and biographies styles affect much the classical family novels represented by Jin Ping Mei, Marriage Destined to Awaken the World, The Account of Lin, Lan and Xiang and Lamp at the Crossroads. This kind of influence is reflected by many real forms. Family novels use historical biographies, their own sense of history and sense of character portray for reference. By creative transformation of historiographies, annals and biographies, the novelist pushes forward the character portraying and presents the family history as well.