目标管理的心理功能探析

基于目标在管理活动中重要作用的系统分析,凝练出目标管理的五大心理功能,即定向功能、控制功能、激励功能、凝聚功能和反馈功能。这些功能在主体目标导向行为、目标行为和间接行为中,尤其是目标行为中作用十分明显。作为进入目标的必经途径,目标行为与人的心理过程、个性心理特征和个性心理倾向存在着密切的关系。以自信、理想为例,主体必须善于获得成功体验、正确对待客观评价、客观认识自我并学会自我接纳,才能获得自信;主体必须正确处理愿望与可能、主观与客观、现实与未来、个人与社会等关系,才能实现自身理想。

Analysis of Psychological Function of Management by Objectives

The five psychological functions of the management by objectives have been obtained based on the systematic analysis of the importance of objectives in administration,namely,direction function,control function,encouragement function,cohesive function and feedback function.It is evident that these functions produce effects on the aim-oriented behavior and the objective behavior and the indirect behavior.As a way to the objective,there are close relations between the objective behavior and the human psychological process,the individual psychological characteristics and the trend.Take confidence and ideal for example,the subject can acquire confidence by getting successful experience,adopting the objective evaluation correctly,understanding oneself objectively and learning self-acceptance.Moreover,the subject may realize its ideal by properly handle the relations between hope and possibility,subject and object,reality and future,individual and society.