基于空间治理视角的城市贫困研究综述

相较于农村贫困,城市贫困是一种在空间上集聚的相对贫困,明晰它的空间特征、演变规律及影响因素等对于城市贫困的精准治理有着重要作用。为此,应用Citespace科学文献可视化工具,对Web of Science数据库中1052篇城市贫困主题的英文文献(1995—2019年)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库中2912篇相关中文文献(1981—2019年)进行分析,可从空间视角总结国内外城市贫困的研究现状及研究热点。结果表明:研究趋势上,国外对于城市贫困研究的关注度总体呈现上升趋势,而国内城市贫困的研究起步较晚、增长幅度较大,但在关注度上出现倒U型结构;概念上,从空间视角定义城市贫困多是认为居住区内的人们遭受了不同类型的"剥夺";研究内容上,城市贫困空间的测量与识别、时空动态变化、影响因素分析及大数据的应用等是国内外城市贫困的研究热点;贫困空间的演变及成因上,受居住、种族和阶级隔离等多种经济文化因素的综合影响,国外的城市贫困呈现由内及外的郊区化现象,而国内城市贫困空间演化较为复杂多变。

Research Review of Urban Poverty from the Perspective of Spatial Governance

Compared with rural poverty,urban poverty is a kind of relative poverty characterized by spatial ag?glomeration.Clarifying the spatial characteristics,evolution rules,and influencing factors of urban poverty plays an important role in the accurate governance of urban poverty.Therefore,this article analyzes 1052 English pa?pers related to urban poverty(19952019)in the Web of Science database and 2912 Chinese papers(19812019)in the CNKI database and summarizes the research status and hotspots of urban poverty at home and abroad from the perspective of space via Citespace as a tool for visualizing scientific literature.The results show that:in terms of the research trend,the foreign attention on urban poverty research generally is rising,while the attention on urban poverty research in China,starting late but increasing greatly,presents an inverted Ushaped structure;in terms of the conception of urban poverty,urban poverty is defined from a spatial perspective by the idea that people in residential areas have suffered from different types of“deprivation”;in terms of research contents,the measurement and identification of urban poverty space,the dynamic changes in time and space,the analysis of influencing factors,and the application of big data are the hotspots of urban poverty research at home and abroad;in terms of the evolution and causes of poverty space,due to the comprehensive influence of various economic and cultural factors such as residence,race,and class segregation,urban poverty in foreign countries presents the phenomenon of suburbanization from inside to outside,while the evolution of urban pover?ty space in China is more complex and changeable.Research on urban poverty from the perspective of space will help local governments to formulate more accurate and controllable poverty alleviation plans.