自然价值的疏离与回归——论生态现象学“生活世界化的自然”

人类要想实现与自然的真正和解,就必须解决一个前提性问题,即如何看待和理解"自然"。对于这个问题的回答也是将不同生态哲学流派区分开来的根本标志。生态现象学作为一种反传统知识论哲学的现代哲学,它试图通过建构一种自然意义、社会意义和文化意义相统一的"自然"概念——"生活世界化的自然",将自然原初的被隐匿了的价值意义重新凸显出来,以引导人类走上通往与自然和解的道路。生态现象学的自然观念既不同于生态中心主义所主张的脱离人的生活世界来谈生态保护,也区别于人类中心主义所主张的将自然仅仅看作是工具价值层面"为我而生"的对象性存在。"生活世界化的自然"在"此在"的意义上来理解自然,是在日常生活中与"我"照面的,承载着各种价值意义,能够为人类的生命活动中所真切体验到的活生生的自然。生态现象学试图借助"生活世界化的自然"的"基底样式",推动人类在"遭遇自然"—"体验自然"—"审美自然"的交往过程中,赋予自然以人性的同时,重新唤醒人性的生态化一面,进而引导饱受工具理性摧残的现代人类实现与自然的真正和解。

The Alienation and Return of the Value of Nature:On the"Life-worldly Nature" in Eco-Phenomenology

If humans want to achieve their real reconciliation with nature,a prerequisite problem has to be solved,that is,how to treat and understand“nature”?The answer to it is also the fundamental symbol to distin?guish different schools of ecological philosophy.As a kind of modern philosophy against traditional epistemolog?ical philosophy,ecophenomenology attempts to rereveal the original,hidden value of nature by constructing a concept of"nature"with the unity of natural,social and cultural meanings,i.e.“lifeworldly nature”,in order to guide mankind to the road of their reconciliation with nature.The conception of nature in ecophenomenology is different not only from the ecocentric view that ecological protection is divorced from human lifeworld,but also from the anthropocentric view that nature is only regarded as an objective existence“born for me”in the sense of instrumental value.“Lifeworldly nature”,as the understanding of nature in the sense of“Dasein”,meets us in daily life and implies all kinds of value,the living nature that can be truly experienced by the activities of hu?man life.Ecophenomenology attempts to use the“base style”of the“lifeworldly nature”to promote humans to give humanity to nature and at the same time reawaken the ecological aspect of human nature in the interac?tive process of“encountering nature experiencing nature aestheticizing nature”,and then to guide mod?ern humans who are suffering from the destruction of instrumental rationality to achieve their real reconciliation with nature.