测谎检验的证明价值与法律控制要件探析——以民事诉讼为视角

民事案情纷繁复杂,有时难以甄别理清,探索完善有助于发现事实的新科学证据方法无疑是一种有益进路。测谎检验的适用尽管在国际与国内均存在肯定说与否定说之争,但其作为诉讼中探寻案件真相的新兴技术手段仍引起了各界的不断关注。相较于传统质证方法,测谎检验意见作为一种通过特殊物质化手段获取的关于案件知情人所述言词内容的真实性判断,具有客观性、科学性的优势,其更易排除主观因素的干扰,应作为证据的一种,具有一定的证明价值。通过对测谎检验技术对于真相证明意义的探讨,更关注对这种新技术的合理司法控制,拟通过证明评价僵局原则、当事人意愿原则、事实设问中的集中性原则、证据链形成原则等四个方面分析测谎检验的法律控制标准,规范该鉴定技术的适用,使测谎检验能够在民事诉讼的正轨中有序运行、健康成长。

The Demonstrative Value and Legal Control of the Lie Detector Test

Civil cases are usually complicated and sometimes the facts are difficult to ascertain. It is undoubtedly a good approach to explore and improve new science methods which help to find out the facts. As an emerging technology for exploring the truth in lawsuits, lie detector test faces pros and cons at home and abroad. However, this technology has also attracted great attention from all walks of life recently. This article argues that, compared with traditional examination, lie detector test is an objective and scientific means through special materialized experiment to judge the authenticity of verbal content of the persons with knowledge of facts. The test opinion should be treated as some kind of evidence, which offers demonstrative value and avoids the influence of subjective factors. On the basis of exploring polygraph technology＇s significance for proving the truth, this article focuses on the judicial control on the new technology, try to construct and analyze legal control standards about polygraph tests through four aspects such as the principles of prove evaluation deadlock, of party intention, of concentration of questions to ask, and of the chain of evidence. The standardization of the polygraph technology application will make it operate orderly and grow healthily in civil litigation in the future.