论抗辩与反诉的界定

被告的某项特定主张应以抗辩方式还是反诉方式提出在立法上没有确定的标准,以致司法实践中常常引起当事人的困惑.现有理论关于抗辩与反诉在性质、法律地位、提出时间、处理方式和独立性方面的区别的论述不能成为界定抗辩与反诉的判断标准.界定抗辩与反诉应视被告的主张是否超越原告诉讼请求的范围而定,如超越,就只能以反诉方式提出;如不超越,则一律可以抗辩方式提出,并且在符合诉的要求的情况下,被告有权选择以抗辩或反诉方式提出.

On Delimiting Defense and Counterclaim

There is no definite legal criterion guiding the litigant to decide whether his allegation should be conducted through a defense or a counterclaim,which constantly causes confusions in the practice of law. The existing theoretic distinctions between defense and counterclaim in terms of such aspects as the character,legal status,raising time,ways of trial and independence fail to help define defense and counterclaim in practice. The definition of defense and counterclaim is determined by the scope of the def...