论跨境电子证据司法协助简易程序的构建

跨国网络犯罪的增加使得跨境电子取证的实际需求日益旺盛,我国在2018年颁布了《国际刑事司法协助法》,目的之一是加强国际合作打击跨国犯罪,为我国履行国际条约义务提供法律依据。但在司法实践中,我国的跨境电子取证面临着理论困境和实践困境。网络主权、司法管辖权理论使得单边取证存在着非法性可能。传统跨境电子取证因数据本地化存储和"倒U型"取证结构而效率不高。现有的国际司法协助程序繁杂、时间冗长,无法满足打击跨境犯罪和电子证据取证的现实需求。因此跨境电子取证的简易程序构建具有必要性和紧迫性,对现有司法协助程序进行适当简化,遵循合法性原则和效率性原则,构建境内外双方执法者直接合作方式合法化、派员调查取证方式、建立个案电子取证协助机制三种途径。

The Construction of Summary Procedure of Judicial Assistance of Cross Border Electronic Evidence

The increase of transnational cybercrimes brings the practical demand of cross-border electronic forensics. In 2018, China promulgated the International Criminal Judicial Assistance Law. One of its legislative purposes is to strengthen international cooperation in combating transnational crimes and provide legal basis for China to fulfil its obligations under international treaties. However, Cross-border electronic forensics in China is facing theoretical and practical difficulties in judicial practice. Firstly, the theory of cyberspace sovereignty denies the legality of unilateral evidence collection. Secondly, the efficiency of traditional cross-border electronic forensics is low given the localised storage of data and the existing assistance structure. It is necessary and urgent to design a summary procedure for cross-border electronic forensics. This paper attempts to simplify the existing judicial assistance procedure. Based on the principle of legality and efficiency, three paths should be constructed: the legalisation of direct cooperation of bilateral law-executors, the manner of sending personal to investigate and the assistance system in a specific case.